The following four questions are among the most important when determining if you should consider a home purchase.
- Do you have a steady job history?
If you have been working consistently for at least the last two years, a lender will consider this to be steady employment. This does not mean that to be approved for a mortgage loan, you need to have held the same job for the last two years. In fact, job moves are looked on favorably if the result has been equal or more pay. However, if you have been working continuously for less than two years, this doesn't necessarily mean you won't be approved for a mortgage loan. The important thing is to be able to reasonably explain any gaps in employment. For example, if you were just discharged from the military, recently finished school, work seasonally with work gaps between seasons, were temporarily laid off, or had an illness that prevented you from working, you may still be able to qualify for a mortgage loan.
Answer: Yes!
This means you have been working continuously for the last two years, or if you have not, you are able to provide a mortgage lender with reasonable explanations for any gaps in employment. If you can demonstrate a steady level of income and job history, the lender will have evidence of your capacity to pay back a mortgage loan.
Answer: No Way!
Saying "no" to a stable work history means you have not been consistently employed over the past two years and have not kept up a regular and even income level. You may have been fired for cause. You might have big gaps in your job record. Or there may have been dips in your income level that you cannot satisfactorily explain. If this is the case, you may have to delay borrowing money for a home until you can show that you have a steady income and stable work history.
- Do you have an established and favorable credit profile?
Before lending you money, lenders want to see a track record of debts owed and duly repaid. Your lender will order a credit report to verify your debts, the amount of your monthly payments, and how many months or years you have left to pay off your debts. Credit bureaus keep records of consumer debt and how regularly these debts are repaid. Credit bureaus compile these reports by obtaining information from a wide range of sources--credit card companies, banks that have given you car loans, department stores and gasoline companies that provide credit cards. If you have never had any credit cards and have never borrowed money from a financial institution, you can still establish a credit history by documenting your monthly rent payments to current or previous landlords and your monthly payments to utility companies for electricity, gas, water, and telephone services. A mortgage lender can probably help you put this information together. You can find out what information is in your credit file by contacting a credit bureau. They usually are listed in the yellow pages of your phone book under "Credit Reporting Agencies" and will provide you with a copy of your report for free or for a nominal fee. The major companies are Experian (formerly TRW., Inc.), CBI Equifax, Inc., and Trans Union . Contact any of them for your credit report. See if any information is missing or inaccurate, so you can take steps to have the report corrected if necessary.
Answer: Yes I do!
Saying "yes" to a good credit record means you have a history of paying your rent and other bills on time and will be able to prove that through a credit report or through compiling a nontraditional credit history. Although lender credit standards may vary, being late on a payment or having gone over your credit limit once or twice doesn't necessarily mean you don't have good credit--particularly if you can reasonably explain why. But if you show a repeated pattern of not paying accounts as agreed, it will affect your credit history. A good credit history tells the lender that you pay your obligations on time and use credit wisely-- important information for a lender to know when you want to take out a mortgage loan.
Answer: No I don't!
An unfavorable credit profile may mean you do not pay your bills on time or you currently have more credit obligations than you have been able to handle. Information that may be considered negative includes late payments, repossessions, accounts turned over to a collection agency, judgments, liens, and bankruptcies. Negative information in your credit file may lead creditors, such as mortgage lenders, to deny you credit. If your credit report shows that you do not have a good credit history, and the report is accurate, now may not be the best time to apply for a mortgage loan. Instead, you should try to improve your credit profile. Bring your payments up to date; pay off some of your debts; and work on paying your bills on time. Over time, you can build a profile that shows you are a good candidate for a loan, even if you have had serious credit problems in the past. For example, a foreclosure on an earlier mortgage does not mean you can never get a mortgage for another home. But most lenders prefer that three years go by before they will consider you for a new mortgage, and will want to know why there was a foreclosure. Similarly, if you have declared bankruptcy, most lenders won't let you assume a mortgage debt until at least two years after discharge of the bankruptcy.
- Have you saved the money for a down payment and closing costs?
Nearly all home buyers require a mortgage loan from a financial institution. However, few loans are for the full purchase price of a house. Instead, a lender will insist you contribute some portion of your own funds (the down payment) as part of the deal. Today, buyers can pay as little as 5 percent down. (In fact, some programs such as the Fannie 97® mortgage, require as little as 3 percent down). There are also a number of government-sponsored loan programs, including Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Veterans Administration (VA), and Rural Housing Service (RHS) loans, that require little or no down payment for qualified borrowers. Typically, however, most lenders require some form of down payment. For a $100,000 home, a 5 percent down payment requirement would be $5,000. You also will need to pay a number of additional costs, called closing costs, that cover the legal transference of a property to your name and other costs associated with your taking out a mortgage. Closing costs generally range from 3 percent to 6 percent of the sales price of the home. So, if you were to buy a $100,000 house with a 5 percent ($5,000) down payment, you could expect to pay between $3,000 and $6,000 in closing costs. Think about how much houses cost in your area and the type of mortgage down payment your loan will require. Then calculate the funds you have available to you for a down payment and closing costs.
Answer: Yes I've saved up!
Congratulations! Saving sufficient funds for closing costs and a down payment is usually one of the hardest parts of being ready to buy a home. If you believe you have sufficient funds, you are in a good position to shop for a mortgage and get pre-qualified by a lender, so that you know how much you can borrow based on your income and existing debt. When you do apply for a loan, your lender will verify that you have the funds you say you do, so be sure to be truthful about the amount you really do have available.
Answer: No, haven't saved enough yet!
If you do not now have at least a part of the money saved, you may be able to enlist the aid of a relative or a government or nonprofit agency that might give or loan you the money. Local housing agencies often offer loan terms that include no down payments. (Check with your state or local housing authority. The phone numbers usually can be found in the government "blue pages" of the phone book.) However, if this type of down payment and closing cost assistance is not available and you have not already saved the money for at least part of those expenses, this probably isn't the right time for you to buy a house. Instead, you should begin to budget some money from every pay check that you can put into a savings account. The more consistently you save money, the better your chances to apply for a mortgage in the future.
- Can you afford monthly mortgage payments for the house you want?
Generally, the amount of your monthly mortgage payment is limited to 28 percent of your gross monthly income. The amount of your total monthly debt is limited to 36 percent of your gross monthly income. Staying within these lender guidelines will give you a certain range of monthly mortgage payments you can afford. The amount of these payments will depend on current interest rates.
Answer: Yes, I can!
If you calculate that your income and your current debts are sufficient to allow you to afford monthly mortgage payments for a home at a certain sales price and at a certain interest rate, then your next step may be to get to know what types of homes are available to you in the price range you can afford. You may wish to visit open houses advertised in the real estate section of your local newspaper, or contact a REALTOR® who can show you homes in your price range. You may also want to get pre-qualified by a mortgage lender, who can help verify that the calculations of your buying power are in the ball park of the amount of the money the lender will provide you for a mortgage.
Answer: No, I can't!
If after investigating various types of mortgages, you are not happy with the mortgage amount you will qualify for, you may need to lower your sights and simply recognize that you'll have to buy a less expensive "starter home" or continue to rent. You may decide to wait to apply for a mortgage until your income increases. For example, is it possible for you to put in extra hours on the job to build up your income? Or do you or your co-borrower, if there is one, expect a raise in the near future? If so, you may wait a bit to buy a house so that you can qualify for a higher mortgage amount. In addition, if your existing debt is too high in relation to your income, you may be able to qualify for a larger mortgage by paying off some of this debt.
